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.f3 - # - Chapter 8 - Managing Files .rm70 .tc .tc1 .tc 8. MANAGING FILES .....................................# CHAPTER 8 MANAGING FILES .tc Displaying a Directory of Files ....................# Displaying a Directory of Files .iMDirectories .ix Managing Files .imManaging files .ix Directories To display the files in a directory: 1. Press F10 to bring up the Pulldown Menu. 2. Press M for Miscellaneous, followed by D for Directory. Alternatively press whatever command keys you have installed. The default is no installed command keys. A window will open prompting you for a search mask: …ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ Directory mask ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫*.* ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕº Fig 8.1 - Directory Mask Prompt .tc1 Fig 8.1 - Directory Mask Prompt .......................# 3. Now you have a number of choices: ˛ Press Enter to see a directory of all files on the default disk in the default directory. ˛ Type a drive and path specification, then press Enter to list all the files on another drive or another directory.{.Œ} ˛ Type any other valid response used with the DOS DIR command. Press Enter. You can enter DOS wildcards to search for a list of files. A '?' stands for one letter, and matches anything, while an '*' will match a sequence of letters. Refer to your DOS manual for more information on DOS wildcards. 4. You will now see a window showing you the files that matched the search pattern you entered (See Fig 8.2 on the next page). If there are more files than can be shown in the window, you will see one or two arrows in the bottom right corner indicating that more entries are above or below the window. This is the same window that you would see if you were selecting a file to edit, except that selection here terminates the window. Pressing Page Down will show you the next page of files, and Page Up will show you the previous page. You can also use the Up and Down arrows to scroll through the list, while Home will take you to the top of the list and End will take you to the bottom of the list. Pressing a letter will take you to the first entry that starts with that letter, or the next one if you are already on an entry with the letter you entered. You can even change to other directories by highlighting a directory name in the display, and pressing Enter. To change to the parent, you will see a special entry .. to indicate the parent. All directories have the text <DIR> where the file size would be. .cp30 Press <Esc> to exit, ^≥v≥ to select, <F1> to Edit description 14:45:02 …ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫ File Window Text Block Goto Search Options Miscellaneous Quit ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÀÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÀÕÕº ∫ Spelling check ∫ …ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ C:\WF\DOC\*.* 30 Entries ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫ .. 26Jun89 13:43 .... <DIR> ∫ ∫ TEMP 26Jun89 13:43 .... <DIR> ∫ ∫ descript.ion 28Sep90 17:28 .a.h 828 ∫ ∫ wf.001 02Oct90 11:10 .a.. 13,306 Getting started with Word Fugue ∫ ∫ wf.002 02Oct90 11:17 .a.. 43,992 Customising Word fugue ∫ ∫ wf.003 02Oct90 11:24 .a.. 11,944 Starting Word Fugue ∫ ∫ wf.004 02Oct90 12:01 .a.. 5,348 Entering Text ∫ ∫ wf.005 03Oct90 12:03 .a.. 15,600 Command summary ∫ ∫ wf.006 03Oct90 12:03 .a.. 16,293 Working with blocks ∫ ∫ wf.007 03Oct90 12:22 .a.. 8,045 Search & Replace ∫ ∫ wf.008 03Oct90 14:44 .a.. 11,078 Managing files ∫ ∫ wf.009 21Dec89 14:34 .a.. 6,689 Windows ∫ ∫ wf.010 22Dec89 15:29 .a.. 12,031 Miscellaneous stuff & rulers ∫ ∫ wf.011 21Dec89 14:38 .a.. 5,678 Calculator ∫ ∫ wf.012 21Dec89 14:39 .a.. 8,937 Spelling checker ∫ ∫ wf.013 22Dec89 15:30 .a.. 11,297 Macros ∫ ∫ wf.014 22Dec89 15:37 .a.. 8,090 Table of Contents ∫ ∫ wf.015 22Jan90 14:58 .a.. 1,962 Indexing ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ 4,839,424 bytes free ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ v≥ for more º Fig 8.2 - Directory Display .tc1 Fig 8.2 - Directory Display ...........................# .IMFile Descriptions .ix Proprietary format (65 characters) .ix 4Dos format (40 characters) .imManaging files .ix File Descriptions .tc File Descriptions .................................# File Descriptions The directory can optionally display one line descriptions of the files. If you have set them up, they will automatically display when you display the directory list. Descriptions are stored in special files on disk, in the same directory with the files. Word Fugue supports two formats of descriptions: ˛ its own proprietary format stored in a file FILEINFO.WF in each directory, and allowing up to 65 characters of description against each file. ˛ the 4DOS format (shareware replacement for COMMAND.COM) where descriptions are stored in files named DESCRIPT.ION in each directory, and allowing up to 40 characters. We even supply a utility WF_2_4D that converts the proprietary format to the 4DOS format. Refer to appendix B for more information on utilities supplied with Word Fugue. (Chapter 2 gives details on how to set Word Fugue for 4DOS descriptions.) If you have several different directories, you can have a FILEINFO.WF or DESCRIPT.ION file in each directory. These files only stores details of files that have comments, so no space is wasted. .CP5 Attaching a Description to a File .tc Attaching a Description to a File ...............# A description can be attached to a file in 2 ways. Add A Description To Current File If you are editing a file, you can attach a description to it by pressing Ctrl K E. A pop up window will open, displaying the current description (if any), and allowing you to enter a new one. Press Enter to save the new description, or ESC if you change your mind. The new description will display alongside the filename in any future directory display. Edit Directory Listing If you have a directory displayed, you can highlight a file name by using the cursor keys to scroll up and down. Press F1 to edit the description of the highlighted file. A pop up window will open, displaying the current description, and allowing you to enter a new one. Press Enter to save the new description, or ESC if you change your mind. The new description will display alongside the filename in any future directory display. .tc Packing the Description File ....................# Packing the Description File If you use 4DOS, it continually monitors the contents of DESCRIPT.ION files, deleting out those entries that no longer belong to files in the directory. However, if you add a comment, and subsequently delete the file to which it is attached, the entry still resides in the FILEINFO.WF file, since COMMAND.COM does not support file descriptions. The same applies if you add a comment and subsequently set that comment to spaces. To prevent the file from accumulating rubbish, you need to pack the file from time to time. This procedure runs through the description file (FILEINFO.WF) in the directory you specify, and checks that each entry in the file actually exists in the directory. In addition it also checks for entries where the description is blank. All these entries are deleted from the file. You invoke this command by pressing Ctrl K Z. You will be prompted for a file to pack, and the prompt will default to the one in the directory in which the file you are editing resides. If the file cannot be found, you will be notified by an error. If you are using 4DOS descriptions, you will not be prompted. …ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ Description File name to pack ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫C:\WF\DOC\FILEINFO.WF ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕº Fig 8.3 - Pack Description File Prompt .tc1 Fig 8.3 - Pack Description File Prompt ................# .CP5 Remembering Recently Edited Files .tc Remembering Recently Edited Files ..................# .ix Recently Edited Files Word Fugue saves a list of the most recently edited files in the file WF.PCK which is saved in the current directory. This also remembers where the cursor was, what bookmarks had been set, and whether a block was marked. If you load a file that is in this list, the bookmarks will be restored, the marked block (if set) will be restored, and the cursor will be repositioned where it was when the file was saved. You can also browse this list to select a file to load. The installed command is Alt F3, and the command is also available from the Files menu option as well as the Window menu option. Select "Load recent file.." to be presented with a pick list of files recently edited. If you select one, it will be loaded. …ÕÕÕÕÕÕ Recent Files ÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫ 0 C:\WF\DOC\WF.008 ∫ ∫ 1 C:\WF\DOC\WF.TOC ∫ ∫ 2 C:\WF\DOC\WF.E ∫ ∫ 3 C:\WF\DOC\WF.IDX ∫ ∫ 4 C:\WF\DOC\WF.VER ∫ ∫ 5 C:\WF\DOC\WF.015 ∫ ∫ 6 C:\WF\DOC\WF.017 ∫ ∫ 7 C:\WF\DOC\WF.018 ∫ ∫ 8 C:\WF\DOC\WF.D ∫ ∫ 9 C:\WF\DOC\WF.ENH ∫ ∫ 10 C:\BUSINESS\LABELS. ∫ ∫ 11 C:\WF\DOC\INSTALL.DOC ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕº Fig 8.4 - Load Recent Files Prompt .tc1 Fig 8.4 - Load Recent Files Prompt ....................# Note that this command opens a new window, so any files you have loaded are retained. If no window is available, you will receive an error message. Changing the Logged Drive or Default Directory .Tc Changing the Logged Drive or Default Directory .....# .ix Changing logged drive .ix Changing logged directory .ixDirectories; Changing logged drive .ixDirectories; Changing logged directory The default drive and directory is where Word fugue will look for files to edit when you do not give the full pathname for the file. If you use include files in your text, you will need to have the default drive and directory correct if printing, table of contents generation and so on is to work correctly and find all files. .CP6 Press Ctrl J D (the default installed command) OR press F10 to bring up the Pulldown Menu, followed by M for Miscellaneous followed by C for Change Directory. .CP6 .ix Changing logged drive .ix Changing logged directory .ixDirectories; Changing logged drive .ixDirectories; Changing logged directory A window will open, and you will be prompted with …ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ New Drive or Pathname ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫C:\WF\DOC ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕº Fig 8.5 - Change Directory Prompt .tc1 Fig 8.5 - Change Directory Prompt .....................# along with the name of the current directory and the current drive letter. You can edit the line or you can type in a new entry. If you enter an invalid path, you will be informed of the error. In this case the default drive & path are unchanged. .CP6 .tc Opening a File .....................................# Opening a File .ix Opening a File As discussed in chapter 3 (Starting Word Fugue), there are several methods of opening a file. .cp6 Open a New File in the Current Window This is achieved by pressing F3. If the existing file has been modified, you will be prompted to save it. Then you will be prompted for the new file name to edit. Save and Open a New File in the Current Window This is achieved by pressing Ctrl K D. The current file is saved regardless of whether it has been modified, and you are prompted for a new file to edit. Open Another File This command opens another window, and prompts for a file name to edit. The current window becomes the previous window. This is discussed further in the chapter on windows. The command is Ctrl O A. .CP6 .tc Close A File .......................................# Close A File .ix Closing a File If you do not wish to edit another file, there are several commands that can be used, and they work in slightly different ways. Save Files and Quit .ix Save Files .ixBackup;Backup Files This command saves all modified files and then quits or exits back to DOS. Press Alt X or Ctrl K X. If you have Make Backup set to ON, then any previous version of the file will be saved with the extension set to .BAK first, to preserve the previous version of the file. Quit This commands prompts you whether to save each modified file, and then exits back to Dos. Press Ctrl K Q. .CP5 Close Window This command closes the current edit window. Press Shift F4. If you have other windows open, you will be moved to the next window in the list. If you do not have other windows open, you will be left in the Pulldown Menu, in the Files Submenu. If you want to open a file, you must select the Open Another option to open a window and prompt for a file. .tc Save File and Continue .............................# Save File and Continue To save a file and continue editing it press Ctrl K S or F2. Word Fugue will save the file, and you will be able to continue editing it. It is advisable to do this on a regular basis, in case a power failure or similar stops your machine. Regular saving of your work will prevent you losing an entire days' work. An alternative is to turn Autosave on from the options menu, and let Word Fugue do the hard work for you. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on Autosave. .tc Save As Different File and Continue Edit ...........# Save As Different File and Continue Edit This writes the changed file out to disk as a different file, and then continues editing the file under the new name. This is very useful if you have to create a file that is similar to another one. You accomplish this by pressing Ctrl K A or by pressing Shift F2. If you change your mind when the filename prompt appears, press ESC. .tc Include File .......................................# Include File .ix Include file .irChaining;Chaining Files - See Include File .ixFI;.FI (File Include) A file can be included within another file by placing a .FI command in column one of a new line. Follow the command by the name of the file you wish to include. When you print the file, or generate tables of contents etc, the file will be processed as if it had been copied in place of the .FI line. The file that is included can itself include other files, up to a depth of 5: Text in file A .fiB More text in file A Text in file B .fiC Text in file C .CP5 This is very useful for breaking up large documents into chapters and so on. .CP6 .tc Expand Include File ................................# Expand Include File Once you have put a .FI line into a file, it is very easy to edit the file that you are including. Simply place the cursor anywhere within the .FI line, and press Alt F. Word Fugue will open up a new window and edit the file in that window. (Provided you have spare capacity. If you already have 8 windows open, you will receive an error message). .tc Get Info ...........................................# Get Info .ix Get Info .ixGet Info;Get Info This command displays information about the file you are editing, as well as a word count. Press Ctrl J V when you have the file in the current window. When you have finished with the information, press ESC to continue. This is discusses further in Chapter 10 under the heading of 'Performing a Word Count'. .tc Writing A Block to a File ..........................# Writing A Block to a File .ix Writing a Block (^KW) .ixWriting;Writing to a File To write a block of text to another file: 1. Mark the block of text with Ctrl K B and Ctrl K K. 2. Press Ctrl K W. A window will prompt: …ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ Filename to Write to ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫ ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕº 3. Type a file name and press Enter. If the block is defined as a column, only a column will be written. If the file already exists, you will be prompted to overwrite the file or add to the end. Select O for Overwrite, A for Append, and ESC to abort the process. …Õ File exists! Õª ∫ Append ∫ ∫ Overwrite ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕº Fig 8.6 - Overwrite or Append prompt .tc1 Fig 8.6 - Overwrite or Append prompt ..................# .CP7 .tc Reading a File into the Current File ...............# Reading a File into the Current File .ix Inserting a file (^KR) .ix Read a block (^KR) .ixInserting;Inserting a file To insert a file into the file you are editing: 1. Press Ctrl K R where you want the file inserted. A window will prompt …ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ Read File ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕª ∫ ∫ »ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕº 2. Type a file name and press Enter. The file will be inserted after the cursor. The file is treated as not column mode, and the setting of the destination window are ignored. .CP6 .IXTIPS; reading a column from a file TIP If you want to read in a file as a column, open a separate window for the file, and read it there. Then set the column settings you want, mark the block of text in the file, and Copy or Move it to the Destination window. .tc Line Terminations ..................................# Line Terminations .ix End of File markers (^Z) .ixEnd of File;End of File markers .ix Line Terminations .ixLine Terminations;Line Terminations Writing When Word Fugue writes a file, each line is terminated by a Carriage Return Line Feed pair (hex 0D 0A). The last line may not be terminated by this if you deliberately go to the bottom of the file and type without pressing the Enter key. This is consistent with the Word Star model, which allows you to delete the CR LF pair from the last line. The file itself is terminated by a Ctrl Z character (hex 1A) which is the Microsoft & Wordstar standard. You can turn off the writing of the Control Z by use of the Global File Options. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on this. Reading When reading a file, Word Fugue determines that a line ends by i) The presence of a carriage return (hex 0D) ii) The presence of a line feed (hex 0A) iii) The presence of a CR LF pair (hex 0D 0A) or iv) The presence of a LF CR pair (hex 0A 0D) Some other editors terminate lines by only carriage returns, some by only line feeds, and some reverse the pair. If you have the Ctrl Z option active (the factory default), then the file is deemed to end when a Ctrl Z is found, regardless of how long the file's directory entry says it is. If you have the Ctrl Z option turned off, then the file is terminated by the length as recorded in the file's directory entry, and any CtrlZs are read in and will display on screen.